Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum sect. Codonosiphon Schltr., Repert. spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10 (1911) 178. Type species: Bulbophyllum codonanthum Schltr.

Synonyms:

  • Genus Codonosiphon Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1913) 893
  • Genus Hapalochilus (Schltr.) Senghas, Orchidee 29 (1978) 248
  • Genus Saccoglossum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1913) 683
  • Genus Bulbophyllum Subgenus Hapalochilus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1912) 695
  • Genus Bulbophyllum Section Coelochilus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1912) 696
  • Genus Bulbophyllum Section Scyphochilus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1912) 696 [as 'Scaphochilus']
  • Genus Bulbophyllum Section Trachychilus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1912) 696
  • Genus Codonosiphon Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1913) 893
  • Genus Hapalochilus (Schltr.) Senghas, Orchidee 29 (1978) 248
  • Genus Saccoglossum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1913) 683

Minute to medium-sized epiphytes. Rhizomes long- to short-creeping, straggling, shortly ascending, patent to stiffly pendulous; rhizome bracts thin, approx. glabrous to minutely colliculate, caducous including the veins, or with the veins slightly more persistent. Roots usually sprouting mainly below the pseudobulbs, sometimes sprouting from nodes along the length of the rhizome, spreading; in species with patent to pendulous rhizomes mainly near to the base of the rhizomes, growing backwards towards the substratum over or alongside the rhizome, glabrous or slightly and minutely hirsute locally. Pseudobulbs conspicuous compared to the size of the plant, 1-leafed, with shoots sprouting at its basal node and free or fused to the pseudobulb over a part or most of the length of the latter. Leaves persistent, thick, veins inconspicuous. Inflorescences sprouting at nodes along the length of the rhizome; single to densely fasciculate, 1-flowered. Peduncle shorter than the pseudobulbs to longer than the leaves, peduncle bracts 1—, scattered but the upper below half-way the peduncle. Flowers per sympodium 1 open at a time; floral bracts tubular; pedicel with the basal node well above the attachment of the floral bract, shorter to distinctly longer than the ovary. Sepals free, sometimes the laterals connate along their lower margin (all three proximally connate in Bulbophyllum codonanthum, Bulbophyllum campanulatum); all of approx. equal length, 5—mm long, elliptic, oblong, (ob-)ovate to triangular, obtuse to acuminate, margins entire, glabrous (ciliolate in Bulbophyllum holochilum), (rather) thin, 3-veined, surface glabrous (adaxially finely papillose-hirsute in Bulbophyllum codonanthum, Bulbophyllum campanulatum). Petals 0.7—mm long, elliptic, oblong, (ob-)ovate, rhombiform, triangular (with or without drawn-out top part, often downwards falcate, obtuse to caudate, margins entire to erose, glabrous to papillose (ciliate in Bulbophyllum holochilum, Bulbophyllum scyphochilus); thin, 1-veined, surface glabrous. Lip (partly) immobile because fused to or firmly appressed to the column foot over a smaller or larger area (mobile on a thin ligament in e.g. Bulbophyllum caudipetalum, Bulbophyllum xanthoacron), this area in front bordered by a thin, transverse, approx. straight (not concave or notched) ridge which is appressed against the face of the column foot, often with two patent or slightly retrorse auricles where the ridge meets the lip margin, 3.5—80 mm long, elliptic, oblong, (ob-)ovate to spathulate, often unguiculate, margins entire, glabrous to papillose or ciliolate (with long hairs in Bulbophyllum pyroglossum); adaxially usually without ridges, immediately in front of the transverse ridge ( the narrow claw, if present) concave, beyond this deeply concave to distinctly convex, surface approx. glabrous to partly or entirely papillose or shortly hirsute (with long hairs in Bulbophyllum pyroglossum); abaxial surface glabrous to partly or entirely papillose or shortly hirsute. Column slightly to distinctly incurved, with rostellum front (somewhat) receding in between the stelidia, stigma narrow, without keels inside, proximally not protruding, column foot widening and thickening towards its top, free part absent or short. Stelidia usually shorter than 1/2 of the length of the column; approx. deltoid to triangular, often erose or with short or long (longer than the stelidia themselves) teeth along the upper margin, often with one patent, deltoid to triangular major tooth along the lower margin; between this and the stelidia tips margin often erose or with teeth as along the upper margin. Anther abaxially with a (low) rounded crest, front not concave, front margin somewhat drawn out or not. Pollinia 4 (always?), the outer often concave, more or less hiding the inner, the inner more than half as long as the outer; without appendages.




New Guinea: 70 taxa. Altogether 76 provisionally accepted taxa (90 names): Borneo, Sulawesi, Maluku, New Guinea, Pacific.

  • Family Orchidaceae
  • Subfamily Epidendroideae
  • Tribe Dendrobieae
  • Subtribe Bulbophyllinae
  • Genus Bulbophyllum
  • Section Codonosiphon

The column and lip are often described as fused over a large surface. It is only true in some species, in others the fused area is small, in again others the connection consists of a thin ligament only. The character ‘lip fused to the column foot’ is incorrectly regarded as diagnostic for the group (Brieger 1978, Garay & Kittredge 1985). More characteristic is the presence of a transverse ridge near the base of the lip, often in between two auricles. In species in which the connection between lip and column foot consists of a thin ligament only, the proximal face of this ridge is firmly pressed to the face of the column foot because the ligament is very short. Section Piestobulbon has a similar ridge on the lip; the differences are given below the latter.
A division into series is possible. The characters used are largely arbitrary, and most series accommodates suites of species assumedly of various phylogenetic origins within the section.
a (section Codonosiphon s.s.)
All three sepals proximally fused.
Bulbophyllum codonanthum, with fused sepals, shows marked similarity to Bulbophyllum geniculiferum J.J. Sm., and Bulbophyllum kelelense Schltr. (series c), with free sepals.
b (section Trachychilus)
Median sepal free, laterals fused.
Bulbophyllum humile Schltr., and Bulbophyllum pendens J.J. Verm., with fused lateral sepals, shows similarity to Bulbophyllum kelelense Schltr, and Bulbophyllum stictanthum Schltr. (series c) respectively, with free lateral sepals.
c (section Coelochilus, section Scaphochilus)
All sepals free. Lip distally convex, or somewhat concave but not truly saccate
d (genus Saccoglossum)
All sepals free. Lip deeply concave over its entire length, saccate.
Most species have a more or less pendulous rhizome, Bulbophyllum takeuchii has a creeping rhizome with clustered pseudobulbs.

In New Guinea Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon contains the following 74 species:

Bulbophyllum acanthoglossum
Bulbophyllum alkmaarense
Bulbophyllum alticola
Bulbophyllum arcaniflorum
Bulbophyllum arfakense
Bulbophyllum aristilabre
Bulbophyllum arminii
Bulbophyllum ascochilum
Bulbophyllum aureoapex
Bulbophyllum biserratum
Bulbophyllum breve
Bulbophyllum bulhartii
Bulbophyllum callipes
Bulbophyllum campanuliflorum
Bulbophyllum caudipetalum
Bulbophyllum chrysochilum
Bulbophyllum chrysoglossum
Bulbophyllum codonanthum
Bulbophyllum collinum
Bulbophyllum coloratum
Bulbophyllum concolor
Bulbophyllum cruciatum
Bulbophyllum cuniculiforme
Bulbophyllum cyrtophyllum
Bulbophyllum decurvulum
Bulbophyllum dolichoglottis
Bulbophyllum fasciatum
Bulbophyllum fibrinum
Bulbophyllum frustrans
Bulbophyllum geniculiferum
Bulbophyllum gobiense
Bulbophyllum holochilum
Bulbophyllum hornense
Bulbophyllum humile
Bulbophyllum inclinatum
Bulbophyllum kelelense
Bulbophyllum leontoglossum
Bulbophyllum leucoglossum
Bulbophyllum longilabre
Bulbophyllum maculiflorum
Bulbophyllum melinoglossum
Bulbophyllum microrhombos
Bulbophyllum monosema
Bulbophyllum mystax
Bulbophyllum mystrochilum
Bulbophyllum nitidum
Bulbophyllum novaehiberniae
Bulbophyllum olorinum
Bulbophyllum oxyanthum
Bulbophyllum pemae
Bulbophyllum pendens
Bulbophyllum plagiatum
Bulbophyllum pyroglossum
Bulbophyllum quadricaudatum
Bulbophyllum ramulicola
Bulbophyllum rectilabre
Bulbophyllum saccoglossum
Bulbophyllum scaphioglossum
Bulbophyllum scaphosepalum
Bulbophyllum schizopetalum
Bulbophyllum scyphochilus
Bulbophyllum smileiphyllum
Bulbophyllum speciosum
Bulbophyllum stabile
Bulbophyllum stalagmotelos
Bulbophyllum stellula
Bulbophyllum stictanthum
Bulbophyllum takeuchii
Bulbophyllum torricellense
Bulbophyllum trachyglossum
Bulbophyllum trichromum
Bulbophyllum trigonocarpum
Bulbophyllum verrucosum
Bulbophyllum warianum
Bulbophyllum wechsbergii
Bulbophyllum xanthoacron
Bulbophyllum xanthophaeum


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Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum saccoglossum J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel, as Saccoglossum papuanum Schltr., plant habit, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 1290

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum saccoglossum J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel, as Saccoglossum papuanum Schltr., flower, lateral view, lateral sepals and half of lip removed, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, Leiden cult. 20527

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum alkmaarense J.J.Sm., plant habit, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 912

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum bisepalum Schltr. aff., plant habit, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 1188

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum bisepalum Schltr. aff., flower, oblique lateral view, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 1188

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum sp. sect. Codonosiphon, plant habit, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 1586

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum sp. sect. Codonosiphon, flower, oblique front view, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 1656

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum sp. sect. Codonosiphon, flower, front view, photo E.F. de Vogel, Leiden cult. 20031786

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Saccoglossum sp. sect. Saccoglossum, flower, oblique front view, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 668

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Saccoglossum sp., plant habit, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 1435

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum aristilabre J.J.Sm., plant habit, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 469

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum ascochilum J.J.Verm., flower detail, column, oblique lateral view, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 1566

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum biserratum J.J.Verm., flower, oblique front view, photo E.F. de Vogel, Leiden cult. 20030162

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum cuniculiforme J.J.Sm., flower detail, lip, front view, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 32187

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum dolichoglottis Schltr., flower, lateral view, photo E.F. de Vogel, Wubben s.n.

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum geniculiferum J.J.Sm., flower detail, centre of flower, oblique front view, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 3003

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum mystax Schuit. & de Vogel, flower, oblique front view, photo A. Schuiteman, Leiden cult. 981085

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum pyroglossum Schuit. & de Vogel, flower, lateral view, photo A. Schuiteman, Leiden cult. 20031787

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum speciosum Schltr., plant habit, photo E.F. de Vogel, Leiden cult. 990121

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Saccoglossum takeuchi Howcroft, flower, oblique lateral view, photo P. Jongejan, collection Royal Botanic Garden Kew, cult. P. Jongejan 629

Genus Bulbophyllum section Codonosiphon

Bulbophyllum ascochilum J.J.Verm., drawing H. Job