Orchids of New Guinea

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Mediocalcar bifolium

Mediocalcar bifolium J.J.Sm., Bull. Dép. Agric. Indes Néerl. 39 (1910) 17

Type: Römer, von 1322 (holo BO)

Synonyms:

Eria bifolia (J.J.Sm.) Kraenzl. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 50. II. B. 21 (1911) 176
Mediocalcar albicoccineum P.Royen, Alp. Fl. New Guinea 2 (1979) 661, fig. 233
- Type: Hoogland & Pullen 5602 (holo CANB)
Mediocalcar angustifolium Gilli, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 84/B (1983) 35, fig. 25 (non Schltr.)
- Type: Gilli 565 (holo W)
Mediocalcar angustum J.J.Sm., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 66 (1934) 175
- Type: Mayr 597 (holo L)
Mediocalcar brevisaccatum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1919) 215
- Type: Keysser s.n. (X-1912, Saruwaged Mts., 2400-3000 m) (holo B, lost)
Mediocalcar compressicalcar J.J.Sm., Nova Guinea 14 (1929) 383, pl. 55, fig. 39
- Type: Lam 1827 (holo L; iso BO)
Mediocalcar diphyllum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1911) 230
- Type: Schlechter 18227 (lecto BM, chosen by Schuiteman 1997; iso AMES, BO, K, L)
Mediocalcar erectum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1911) 231
- Type: Schlechter 20229 (holo B, lost)
Mediocalcar filopedunculatum Gilli, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 84/B (1983) 36, fig. 26
- Type: Gilli 492 (holo W)
Mediocalcar montanum Ridl., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 9 (1916) 201
- Type: Kloss s.n. (27-I-1913, Camp 13, 10500 ft.) (holo BM)
Mediocalcar monticola Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1911) 232
- Type: Schlechter 18801 (holo B, lost; lecto K, chosen by Schuiteman 1997; iso AMES, BM)
Mediocalcar retusum J.J.Sm., Nova Guinea 14 (1929) 382, pl. 54, fig. 38
- Type: Lam 1828 (holo BO; iso K, L)

Roots densely covered with root-hairs, 0.5 mm thick. Rhizome erect, patent or pendulous, usually frequently branching, the branches often becoming more numerous distally, 1-1.5 mm thick. Cataphylls of the young shoot 3-5, closely appressed, glabrous, subacute, keeled near the tip. Pseudobulbs 0-15 mm apart, terete, 1-2 cm long, 1-2.5 mm across; base elongated, enveloping the rhizome; free part ascending to prostrate, usually much shorter than the basal part. Leaves mostly two per pseudobulb, but one-leaved pseudobulbs fairly frequent, rarely all pseudobulbs one-leaved, sessile to subpetiolate, linear to narrowly elliptic, flat to semiterete (index (3.7-)5-16(-22)), (1.5-)2.5-6(-11) cm by (2-)3-7(-9) mm; glabrous; apex obtuse, rarely acute, minutely bilobed, mucronate; margins entire; coriaceous to carnose. Inflorescences solitary, synanthous or heteranthous, at the base with an inconspicuous scale c. 1 mm long. Peduncle 5-15 mm long, at the apex with a triangular bract 1-1.5 mm long. Pedicel and ovary 7-11 mm long. Flowers urceolate, oblique, 8-10.5 mm long. Synsepalumum 9-11 mm long and (13.5-)15-18 mm wide when cut open and flattened; free tips spreading to recurved, c. 3 mm long, subacute to acute. Petals linear to narrowly elliptic (index 4.5-10.8), 6.5-8 by (0.6-)1.2-1.5 mm; apex acute; 1-3-nerved. Lip (6-)7-9 by (2-)2.5-3.5 mm in natural position, the blade broadly ovate-subcordate when flattened; claw (2.5-)3-4 by c. 1.5-2.5 mm, auricles usually conspicuous, rarely hardly developed, subpatent to recurved; apex acute, slightly recurved; margins erect,clasping the column; spur cucullate to saccate, rarely recurved, at most half as long as the claw, (1-)1.5-2 mm deep. Column broadly clavate to subspathulate, (4-)5-6.2 mm long, 2-2.7 mm wide at the apex, foot 0.6-1.5 mm long. Fruit narrowly cylindrical-clavate, 23-35 by 3 mm. (After Schuiteman, 1997)

Colours:

Sepals usually bright red, but not rarely orange-red or pinkish red or brownish red, with pure white tips, often only the margins of the tips white, sometimes the tips pink. Petals and lip pale orange with white or pinkish tips. Very rarely the entire flower yellow. Leaves dull green, pseudobulbs dull green to dull purple.

Habitat:

Epiphyte in mossy forest, also terrestrial in moss cushions in open but sheltered vegetation, e.g. along tracks; 760-3350 m.

Distribution:

Malesia (New Guinea, endemic).

Distribution New Guinea:

Papua (Indonesia); Papua New Guinea. See map

Mediocalcar bifolium J.J.Sm., distribution in New Guinea

Cultivation:

Cool growing epiphyte, requires light shade.

Flowering time in the wild:

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.

References:

Smith, J.J., Nova Guinea 8, 3 (1911) 544, t. 86A
Smith, J.J., Nova Guinea 12, 3 (1915) 255
Schlechter, R., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 21 (1923) t. 85, fig. 312, as Mediocalcar diphyllum Schltr.
Schlechter, R., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 21 (1923) t. 85, fig. 313, as Mediocalcar erectum Schltr.
Schlechter, R., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 21 (1923) t. 85, fig. 314, as Mediocalcar monticola Schltr.
Royen, P. van, Alp. Fl. New Guinea 2 (1979) 666, fig. 235, as Mediocalcar montanum Ridl.
Royen, P. van, Alp. Fl. New Guinea 2 (1979) 681, fig. 241, as Mediocalcar retusum J.J.Sm.
Royen, P. van, Alp. Fl. New Guinea 2 (1979) 683, fig. 242
Schuiteman, A., Orchid Monogr. 8 (1997) 45, fig. 10, pl. 2c

Classification:

Family Orchidaceae
Subfamily Epidendroideae
Tribe Podochileae
Subtribe Eriinae
Genus Mediocalcar
Species Mediocalcar bifolium

Notes:

Perhaps the most frequently encountered orchid in the mountains of New Guinea. It often grows together with the very similar Mediocalcar agathodaemonis, which however has green-tipped flowers, synanthous inflorescences only, and broader leaves & pseudobulbs.