Orchids of New Guinea

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Eulophia zollingeri

Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f.) J.J.Sm., Orchid. Java (1905) 228

Type: Type: Zollinger 585 (holo W)

Synonyms:

Cyrtopera zollingeri Rchb.f., Bonplandia 5 (1857) 38
Cyrtopera papuana Ridl., J. Bot. 24 (1886) 354
- Type: Forbes 391 (holo BM)
Eulophia papuana (Ridl.) J.J.Sm., Nova Guinea 8, 1 (1909) 26
Cyrtopera rufa Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 4 (1861) 302
- Type: C.P. 3566 (Hantani, 3000 ft.)
Cyrtopera sanguinea Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3 (1859) 32
- Type: Hooker f. 223; 361 (holo K)
Eulophia sanguinea (Lindl.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 (1890) 8
Eulophia carrii C.T.White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 47 (1935) (1936) 82
- Type: ?
Eulophia macrorhiza Blume, Fl. Javae, n.s., 1 (1858) 155, pl. 63, f. 2, pl. 66 B; Coll. Orchid. (1858
- Type: Blume s.n. (W. Java, Buitenzorg prov., Kuripan) (holo L)
Graphorchis macrorhiza (Blume) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. (1891) 662
Eulophia macrorhiza Blume var. minahassae Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10 (1911) 70
- Type: Schlechter 20552 (holo B, lost)
Eulophia macrorhiza Blume var. papuana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1912) 417
- Type: Schlechter 18399 (holo B, lost; iso AMES)
Eulophia ochobiensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 6 (1916) 78
- Type: Hayata s.n. (V-1916, Taiwan, Ochobi)
Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f.) J.J.Sm. f. viridis Yokota, J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 46 (1998) 184 ('viride')
- Type: ?

Basionym: Cyrtopera zollingeri

Rhizome subterranean, with globose, fist-sized pseudobulbs. Roots thick. Leaves absent. Inflorescences usually two, racemose, erect, 60 cm long, laxly many-flowered, glabrous, 0.75 cm diam.; peduncle-scales tubular; rachis 17 cm long, narrowing towards the apex; floral bracts subulate, patent, 2.4 cm long. Flowers resupinate, 2.5 cm across, patent or nutant, turned to all sides, glabrous. Median sepal lanceolate, 1.6 by 0.4 cm, apex pointed. Lateral sepals lanceolate, 1.6 by 0.4 cm, decurrent on the column-foot, apex pointed. Petals oblong-spatulate, 1.5 by 0.55 cm, parallel to the median sepal; apex acute. Lip 3-lobed, forming a short obtuse basal sac with the column-foot, inside with raised papillose ribs, of which two in the centre of the lip terminate in two flattened calli; lateral lobes short, rounded; mid-lobe porrect, subacute, concave. Column slightly curved, semi-terete, narrowly marginate, glabrous; column foot short; stigma quadratic, rostellum abbreviated. Pollinia triangular, grooved; viscidium ovate, slightly dilated at the base.
(After Smith, 1905, as Eulophia macrorhiza).

Colours:

Sepals and petals red-brown. Lip at the base green, towards the apex purple. Column pale yellow.

Habitat:

Terrestrial in grassland.

Distribution:

Tropical continental Asia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, the Philippines, the Moluccas, New Guinea.

Distribution New Guinea:

Papua New Guinea. See map

Cultivation:

Warm growing terrestrial, probably almost impossible to cultivate due to its obligate mycotrophy.

Flowering time in the wild:

October.

Classification:

Family Orchidaceae
Subfamily Epidendroideae
Tribe Cymbidieae
Subtribe Eulophiinae
Genus Eulophia
Species Eulophia zollingeri

Literature:

Chan, C.L., A. Lamb, P.S. Shim & J.J. Wood, Orchid. Borneo 1 (1994) 167, fig. 43, pl. 10C
Dockrill, A. W., Austral. Indig. Orchids 1 (1969) 604, fig.
Schlechter, R., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 21 (1923) t. 145, fig. 546, as Eulophia macrorhiza Blume var. papuana Schltr.
Smith, J.J., Orchid. Java (1905) 227, as Eulophia macrorhiza Blume
Smith, J.J., Orchid. Java, Fig.-Atl. (1909) fig. 166, as Eulophia macrorhiza Blume
Smith, J.J., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sr. 3, 6 (1924) t. 2, fig. II, as Eulophia macrorhiza Blume